APA style is a referencing method developed by the American Psychological Association and is a version of the commonly used Author-Date system.
This guide is based on the following text:
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Some Schools or individual units require a different style from the one outlined here. Always use the citation style required by your lecturer. If in doubt, check your unit outline, in MyLO, or ask your lecturer or tutor.
In-text citations direct the reader to the Reference List to view the full details of the source.
When paraphrasing, In-text citations can be included as:
1. Parenthetical citations - by inserting the author and date in parentheses, usually at the end of a sentence, e.g....opportunity and economy are two factors that may have influenced changes in parental roles (Bomar, 2004).
or,
2. Narrative citations - by incorporating the name of the author, followed by the date enclose in parentheses into the text of the paper, e.g. Sternberg (1993) suggests results should be carefully analysed...
In an era of globalization, a healthcare provider needs to be prepared for encounters for people of diverse backgrounds and experiences. The culturally safe healthcare provider needs to have a deep understanding of where people have been and what they have experienced in their countries of origin. (Mkandawire-Valhmu, 2018, p. 73)
When citing multiple works in parentheses, arrange the citations in alphabetical order and separate them with semicolons, e.g.
(Citizen, 2019; Jones, 1999; Smith, 2001)
Multiple works can be arranged in any order when they are incorporated into the text of the paper (narrative citation).
A reference list is placed at the end of your paper. It contains the full details of all the references cited in the text of your paper. These details should be sufficient for the reader to be able to identify and locate the sources.
Format for a book:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book: Subtitle (edition, if not the first). Publisher. URL or DOI (if electronic)
Example of a book:
Lang, T., & Heasman, M. (2015). Food wars: The global battle for mouths, minds and markets (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315754116
Format for a chapter in an edited book:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (edition, pp. #–#). Publisher. DOI or URL
Example of a book chapter:
Davies, C., Robinson, K. H., Metcalf, A., Ivory, K., Mooney-Somers, J., Race, K., & Skinner, S. R. (2021). Australian of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. In T. Dune, K. McLeod, & R. Williams (Eds.), Culture, diversity and health in Australia: Towards culturally safe healthcare (pp. 213-231). Routledge.
Format for a journal article:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Name of the Periodical, volume(issue), #–#. https://doi.org/xxx
Example of a journal article:
Boddy, J., & Dominelli, L. (2017). Social media and social work: The challenges of a new ethical space. Australian Social Work, 70(2), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2016.1224907
Format for a webpage:
Author. (Year, month day). Title of the webpage. URL
Example of a webpage with an organisational group author:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2015, September 23). UNESCO and sustainable development goals. https://en.unesco.org/sustainabledevelopmentgoals
APA provide an extensive array of examples for different sources, including:
Some examples of topics found in the blog:
The APA website includes comprehensive advice on how to use their referencing style. These are some of the popular topics:
We have the full APA style guide available to borrow from the University Library.
Concise Guide to APA Style by 
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association : the official guide to APA style by 
